CashboardGlossary · Onchain
What are L2BEAT stages?
L2BEAT stages rate how much an Ethereum rollup still depends on its team, from Stage 0 to Stage 2, judged by its proofs, exit window and Security Council.
How do L2BEAT stages work?
L2BEAT, the research site that tracks Ethereum scaling projects, introduced the Stages framework in June 2023. It grew out of Vitalik Buterin's November 2022 post on rollups taking off their training wheels. A stage says nothing about speed or fees. It rates who could take your funds or block your exit if something went wrong.
Stage 0 covers the basics: the project calls itself a rollup, posts state roots and data to Ethereum, has a proper proof system and publishes software that can rebuild the chain. L2BEAT calls this full training wheels, a rollup still effectively run by its operators. At Stage 1, the only way to block withdrawals for good, or push a fake one through, should be to compromise at least 75 percent of a Security Council, and upgrades made without that council must give users at least 7 days to leave. Stage 2 needs permissionless proofs, at least 30 days to exit before an unwanted upgrade, and a council that may step in only over errors detected on-chain.
Stages move both ways. Scroll reached Stage 1 with its Euclid upgrade in April 2025. On June 1, 2026 it replaced its independent 9-of-12 Security Council with a 3-of-4 team multisig, and L2BEAT moved it back to Stage 0.
Not every chain gets a stage. L2BEAT lists the Polygon PoS sidechain as not applicable.
Also called: rollup stages, Stage 0, Stage 1, Stage 2, Stages framework.
Where do L2BEAT stages show up in Cashboard?
The L2 scoreboard puts L2BEAT's stage under each chain's name, amber for Stage 0, blue for Stage 1 and green for Stage 2, next to growthepie activity and fee figures (CC BY 4.0) and L2BEAT's total value secured. Hover a tag to see the stage with the chain's technology. A chain without a stage shows its technology instead, such as Sidechain. If L2BEAT does not answer, an amber line says so and no stages are shown.
Frequently asked questions
What does Stage 1 mean for a rollup?
That your exit no longer rests on the team alone. A Stage 1 rollup has a working proof system and a Security Council, and it should take at least 75 percent of that council to block withdrawals for good. Upgrades made without it must give users at least 7 days to leave.
Is a Stage 0 rollup unsafe?
Not by itself, but it asks for more trust. Stage 1 lets only a Security Council push an upgrade through without notice, while at Stage 0 a team multisig often can. Scroll's is 3-of-4, and L2BEAT lists its contracts as instantly upgradable. That matters more for a large balance parked on the chain than for a quick swap.
Where can you read more about L2BEAT stages?
Related terms
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